Past perfect simple tense oziroma past perfect simple čas
uporabim v teh jezikovnih situacijah:
1. KOMBINACIJA S PAST SIMPLE ČASOM
Gre za jezikovne situacije, ki zajemajo dve ali več dejanj, ki se zgodijo v preteklosti. Na ta način jasno poudarimo, katero od dejanj se je zgodilo najprej oziroma je “najstarejše”.
Dejanje, izraženo s past perfect simple časom se zgodi najprej, drugo dejanje (ostala dejanja) se zgodi šele po tem, ko se prvo konča.
V teh primerih pogosto začnemo pripovedovati o dejanju, ki se je zgodilo kasneje (v past simple času), v drugem delu stavka pa pojasnimo, da se je dejanje, ki ga izrazimo v past perfect simple času, zgodilo še pred tem.
When Bill’s wife arrived, he had left the flat.
When I came home, I saw that someone had broken into my house.
After he had visited his mother, he went to see his father.
Before you came, I had read the whole book.
The employees hadn’t finished their work when the boss came in.
When we arrived to the airport, the plane had already taken off.
2. REPORTED SPEECH STAVKI
Pri uporabi reported speech načina oziroma sporočilnega govora povzemamo besede nekoga, ki govori o tem, kaj se je zgodilo v preteklosti.
Pri tem ne navajamo dobesedno, ne citiramo, ampak le strnemo glavno idejo, ki jo izrazi sogovornik/ca, ki ga/jo povzemamo.
Primer direktni govor:
Sarah: I went home.
Primer reported speech (sporočilni govor):
Sarah said she had gone home.
She said her brother had gone on holiday.
I told my parents I had bought a car.
My friend said that the prices had gone up.
George told everybody that Melanie had been injured at work.
You told me you hadn’t seen the film last week.
Her mum said the weather had been wonderful.
3. THIRD CONDITIONAL STAVKI
Third conditional je način za izražanje pogojnega stavka v preteklosti in del snovi, ki jo s skupnim imenom poimenujemo pogojniki oziroma conditionals.
Tretji pogojnik oziroma third conditional zajema situacije, ki govorijo o dogodkih v preteklosti, za katere se sprašujemo, kaj bi bilo, če bi se zgodilo drugače, kot se je.
Ljubkovalno tretjemu pogojniku lahko rečemo tudi “obžalovalnik”, saj z njim pogosto izražamo dejanja v preteklosti, za katera si želimo, da bi se odvila drugače, kot so se.
Tipičen primer: Če bi se prejšnji teden učil, bi opravil izpit (tako pa se nisem in izpita nisem opravil).
If I had studied hard, I would have passed my exam.
If they hadn’t worked long hours, they wouldn’t have become rich.
If Mary had been more careful, she wouldn’t have fallen downstairs.
If John hadn’t driven so fast, the accident would have been prevented.
If I had asked her out, she would have said no.
If our friends had invited us, we would have come.
If we had got married 10 years ago, we would be happy now.
4. IZRAŽANJE ŽELJA ZA NAZAJ, Z WISH
Eden izmed načinov za izražanja želja za nazaj (želim si, da bi se zgodilo v preteklosti) je z glagolom WISH, ki ga uporabimo v sedanjem času (Želim si, da…), ki mu sledi glagol v past perfect tense času (…bi bilo vreme včeraj boljše.).
Na ta način pogosto izražamo obžalovanje oziroma željo, da bi se dejanje v preteklosti odvilo drugače, kot se je.
I wish the weather had been better yesterday.
We wish we hadn’t bought such a large house.
Susan wishes she had done more exercise.
My dad wishes he hadn’t changed his job.
Do you wish you had studied more?
I wish you hadn’t treated him so badly.
PAST PERFECT SIMPLE TENSE
POMOŽNI GLAGOL HAVE PRAVILA ČRKOVANJA
V past perfect simple času je pomožni glagol HAVE vedno v obliki HAD, ne glede na to, kateri osebni zaimek (I, you, he, she, it, we ali they), ime ali naziv samostalnika postavimo pred pomožni glagol.
Primeri:
She had come there before him.
Had they travelled to Ireland?
Susan hadn’t bought the dress.
My friend Jo had lived in London.
Had the house burnt down?
We hadn’t taken the dog out.
PAST PERFECT SIMPLE TENSE
PRAVILA ČRKOVANJA PRAVILNI GLAGOLI
Oblika glagola v past perfect simple času je odvisna od tega, ali gre za pravilni oziroma nepravilni glagol.
Pravila črkovanja, pravilni glagoli:
1. Večini pravilnih glagolov
(accept, earn, count)
v past perfect simple času
dodamo končnico -ed:
I had accepted her offer.
She hadn’t earned a lot of money.
Had they counted all students?
Yes, they had. / No, they hadn’t.
2. Če se pravilni glagol v osnovni obliki
konča na -e (face, joke, invite),
v past perfect simple obliki
dodamo samo -d.
We had faced some problems.
Had he joked about his job?
Yes, he had. / No, he hadn’t.
I hadn’t invited him in.
3. Če se pravilni glagol v osnovni obliki
konča na soglasnik + -y
(worry, fry, rely),
v past perfect simple obliki
-y spremenimo v -i in dodamo -ed.
They had worried about their son.
I hadn’t fried the calamari.
Had he relied on her for too long?
Yes, he had. / No, he hadn’t.
4. Če se pravilni glagol v osnovni obliki
konča na samoglasnik + -y
(spray, pray, obey),
v past perfect simple obliki
dodamo končnico -ed:
I had prayed for your health.
He hadn’t sprayed the field.
Had they obeyed their parents?
Yes, they had. / No, they hadn’t.
5. Če se pravilni glagol v osnovni obliki
konča na soglasnik + samoglasnik + soglasnik
(mug, admit, clip),
v past perfect simple času
podvojimo zadnji soglasnik in dodamo -ed.
He had mugged an old lady.
They hadn’t admitted their mistake.
Had she clipped her nails?
Yes, she had. / No, she hadn’t.
PAST PERFECT SIMPLE TENSE
PRAVILA ČRKOVANJA NEPRAVILNI GLAGOLI
V angleščini so NEPRAVILNI GLAGOLI (irregular verbs) tisti glagoli,
ki v past perfect simple času NE dobijo končnice -ed.
Njihove oblike ni mogoče napovedati vnaprej, naučimo se jih na pamet.
V seznamih nepravilnih glagolov, ki so v vsakem učbeniku ali slovnici za angleški jezik, pri past perfect simple času uporabljamo oblike nepravilnih glagolov, ki so v tretjem stolpcu. To obliko imenujemo past participle, v slovenščini pa pretekli deležnik.
Primeri:
I had bought a bicycle.
Had she gone home before midnight?
He had eaten the whole pizza.
The coat hadn't cost a lot of money.
We had known the answer.
Past perfect simple tense
vaje z rešitvami v PDF obliki.
