JEZIKARNA: Conditionals / IF stavki: pravila in vaje z rešitvami.

VAJE: pogojniki / IF stavki / Conditionals

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CONDITIONALS:

Zero conditional

1st conditional

2nd conditional

3rd conditional

Za conditionals velja:

če je izpolnjen pogoj v odvisnem stavku,
sledi rezultat v glavnem stavku.

Conditionals tvorimo na 2 načina:

ODVISNI STAVEK, GLAVNI STAVEK

If you eat too much, you feel sick. (0)

If I send her a text, Sue will read it. (1st)

If she liked dogs, she would get one. (2nd)

If Ben had lost, he would have cried. (3rd)

ali

GLAVNI STAVEK ODVISNI STAVEK (brez vejice)

You feel sick If you eat too much. (0)

Sue will read the text If I send her one. (1st)

She would get a dog if she liked them. (2nd)

Ben would have cried if he had lost. (3rd)

ZERO CONDITIONAL

IF + present simple, present simple

If I have coffee, I also have a biscuit.

ali

present simple + IF + present simple

I also have a biscuit if I have coffee.

ZERO CONDITIONAL PRAVILA

Zero conditional uporabim, ko govorim o:

NAVADAH: If I wake up early, I don't have breakfast.

ZNANSTVENIH RESNICAH: Water becomes steam if you boil it.

SPLOŠNIH RESNICAH IN DEJSTVIH: The police fine you if you speed.

NAVODILIH IN PRAVILIH: If you are hungry, eat an apple.

Zero conditional primeri:

If I fall asleep, wake me up.

If you don't study, you don't pass an exam.

Plants die if you don't water them.

If Mary has lunch, it is a salad.

If the weather is fine, I go for a walk.

Zero conditional vaje:

Zero conditional 1

FIRST CONDITIONAL

IF + present simple, will + infinitive

If you lend me the money, I will buy a car.

ali

will + infinitive IF + present simple

I will buy a car if you lend me the money.

FIRST CONDITIONAL PRAVILA

First conditional uporabim, ko menim, da obstaja vsaj 50 % možnosti, da se uresniči odvisni stavek.

Mislim, da obstaja vsaj 50% možnosti, da mi boš posodil denar in (če mi boš denar posodil) bom jaz kupil avto.

First conditional primeri:

She will scold me if I am late.

If I don't pass the exam, I will be sad.

John won't come if he misses the bus.

If Ben calls, I won't help him.

If the weather is fine, we will go out.

First conditional vaje:

First conditional 1

SECOND CONDITIONAL

IF + past simple, would + infinitive

If I won the lottery, I would buy a flat.

If I were you, I would call Jack now.

ali

would + infinitive IF + past simple

I would buy a flat if I won the lottery.

I would call Jack now if I were you.

SECOND CONDITIONAL PRAVILA

Second conditional uporabim, ko menim, da je zelo malo ali nič možnosti, da se uresniči odvisni stavek.

Mislim, da je le zelo majhna možnost za zadetek na loteriji

(If I won the lottery...) in nobene možnosti ni, da postanem ti (If I were you...).

Second conditional primeri:

If he phoned, I would go out with him.

If I had courage, I would kiss Maya.

Ben wouldn't lie if he was in my shoes.

If I knew her number, I would call her.

She would scold me if she knew.

Second conditional vaje:

Second conditional 1

THIRD CONDITIONAL

IF + past perfect, would have + past participle

If I had studied, I would have finished school.

If you had cleaned your room, mum wouldn't have got angry.

ali

would have + past participle IF + past perfect

I would have finished school if I had studied.

Mum wouldn't have got angry if you had cleaned your room.

THIRD CONDITIONAL PRAVILA

Third conditional uporabim, ko se sprašujem, kaj bi bilo, če bi se dejanje v preteklosti zgodilo drugače, kot se je.

Pri third conditional načinu govorimo o hipotetičnih situacijah v preteklosti.

Primer: If I hadn’t eaten the whole cake, I wouldn’t have felt bad.

Sem pojedel vso torto? Da. Sem se počutil slabo? Da.

S third conditional stavkom pravim:

če ne bi pojedel cele torte (vendar jo sem), se ne bi počutil slabo (vendar se, saj sem pojedel celo torto).